The U.S. Automobile Industry Essay -- Economy, Recession

The United States recession (which lead to a world recession), began in 1997 and significantly impacted the United States automobile industry during the recession period. The United States automobile industry is still reeling from the effects of the recession throughout the period of economic recovery that continues today. According to Chu and Su, â€Å"In this credit-driven recession, one of the hardest hit sectors was the automotive industry, along with the housing and financial markets. Chrysler and General Motors were pushed into bankruptcy; and 276,000 jobs in the automobile and parts industry were destroyed, a whopping 36 percent of the total employment in the sector†. This paper will focus on the future of the U.S. Automobile industry as the United States recovers from the worst recession we have experienced in the past 75 years. I will provide information on the following topics pertaining to the U.S. automobile industry: 1. Externalities that may shift the supply and demand curve over the next five years. 2. Factors creating value in the industry and factors that will most likely input demand in the future. 3. Cost and supply analysis. 4. Industry trends and factors changing the industry. 5. Potential of supply and demand curve movement over the next 5 years. 6. Market Structure. 7. Porter Analysis on the industry. 8. General Motors strategic considerations using the game theory concept. Market Externalities To properly illustrate externalities that may shift the supply and demand curve in the U.S. auto market over the next five years, it is necessary to look at the recent events having affected the U.S. auto industry during the recession and the strides U.S. auto makers have made to recover from near devast... ... If U.S. auto manufacturing takes a down-turn, the U.S. economy will be negatively impacted and the demand for automobiles in the U.S will suffer. If GM or other U.S. auto manufacturers fail, there will be greater opportunity for new entrants into the U.S. automotive sales industry. For these reasons, all manufacturers including GM that sell autos in the U.S. should continue to use a cooperative game theory strategy to ensure the industry recovers. GM should continue to use its technological advantages to create innovative automobiles, but do so cautiously. GM should follow the direction of today’s environmentally conscious consumers who want less expensive, economical automobiles. GM should primarily utilize a cooperative game-theory approach in its sales and marketing strategies in order to stay in sync with the current automotive industry needs.

Campaign Name and Type: Pop Boutique, TV advert, newspaper, bill boards Planned Launch Date: June 2013 Essay

Primary Purpose or Objective What is the main outcome you intend to achieve? Tie it back to the relevant marketing objective. Pop Boutique is a business which is based in Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds and London. This company is looking to expand their business nationally and wants a full scale marketing campaign to support its strategy. The company also has many smart objectives to achieve, e.g. they are looking for awareness of the brand, growth and sales to make more profit. However these objectives have to be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time scale) in order to be successful and to see whether the company is developing or not. Pop Boutique has  £500,000 to spend for marketing campaign to support its strategy for up to 8 weeks. Pop Boutique wants to grow their business nationally by the end of 2013. The company wants to raise brand awareness in the UK by 2013. Because of having these objectives the main outcome which I am intended to achieve is to decide the appropriate method of advertising for the pop boutique company. I can do this by using TV advert, newspapers, bill boards, radio etc. it is extremely important for me to ensure that I stay in budget and produce these campaigns for pop boutiques. The company aim is to increase the sales by 25%. I can make the appropriate camping by using the right type of media to make people aware of my product, as this can help to achieve the company’s aim. Intended Results List any other desired outcomes of the campaign.2 Increase awareness When working in business environment it is important for Pop boutique to be able to stay ahead they need to increase the brand awareness. Because of this campaign the business would also increase their awareness in the public. Their aim is to grab their consumer’s attention about their business and the unique product. This outcome will help them to build public relation, because of advertising different ways they can increase the awareness of their products, which can help them to increase the sales. 2 Increase sales The Pop boutique business is also looking to increase their sales so they could make more profit. They are looking for this outcome because they are aiming to expand the business nationally and this is only possible, if they can increase their sales and make more profit. 3 Increase market share The main outcome is to increase the market share. This can be achieved through repetition and awareness, which makes positive, signs for the public, therefore people more likely to use Pop Boutique’s products. The company can increase market shares as having more customers in the business. 4 Increase profit Through advertisement and campaign, the Pop boutique well get well known in the public, because of this more people will going to shop from there, and also will going to recommend Pop boutique to friend and family , because of this more people will going to shop with them and they will going to make more profit. 5 Reputation of customers The Pop Boutique is aiming to ensure that their customers’ repeat their business and want their customers to buy their products regularly as well as recommend other about Pop Boutique’s unique products. Target Audience Identify the target market through segmentation. A market segment may be related to gender, age, hobbies, house type, occupation etc. Pop Boutique is an expensive organisation and their main target audience are people who have some disposable income because they have expensive prices for their product. People who like vintage clothes and wants to look like celebrities would be Pop Boutique’s customers. Target audience would be age 16 to 40 these includes teenagers because young people prefer to wear expensive, unique and fashionable clothes and also pop boutique has good brand loyalty, that’s why customers prefer to buy clothes from there. Furthermore many celebrities also like to wear vintage, funky and colourful clothes it is also beneficial to target celebrities because they can afford products easily. Specific Tactics What are the specific marketing activities – tactics † for the campaign? How will you execute each tactic? Specific Tactic How will you execute each tactic? Attention: The way I will go to take consumers attentions is by using billboards, magazine to grab the attention of the consumers. In my point of view it is extremely essential that using some graphics and pictures while communicating through publisher media, because it is best idea as people can see how the vintage design looks like. I am going to advertise it by using different method because of this I will grab people attention. To grab the attention I will also going to use the company’s logo and make sure the ads match to the colour of the company which is mostly likely orange. It would also be beneficial to use some graphics and pictures to represent what the company is trying to tell you and to reflect the image of the website, so people find it interesting to visit the stores and website and make sure they fancy product. 2 Interest: I think direct mail is the best media to get people’s attention. Through direct mail I can easily send pictures of new and designer products and special offers to make interesting for people to buy. I am going to use some special offers on clothes and use some good competitor prices to make interesting for people. This tactic is also achievable because of informing people about the different and new designer and seasonal clothes which company have. 3 Aspiration: I will increase the desire for my clothing by advertising on different websites like Facebook, twitter etc. This is extremely essential for the business because more teenagers and other people use these socialising sites in order to interact to people. Because of using these sides which are free of cost can help the Pop boutique to sell the product. I will be using these sites because I can put the pictures of new clothes up, and can get feedback from customers to see what they like and dislike. This can be achievable because it’s really easy to do. 4 Desire: Pop Boutique is very unique business so I believe using radio method is good because you can explain more details about the company within 30 seconds. This tactic is achievable by giving more details about the company and about the products. Pop Boutique is vibrant, funky and colourful with more than a suggestion of retro. Their products are unique, new fashioned and almost liked by celebrities. 5 Action: To achieve this tactic I will provide contact details through all media that I am going to use. I will provide web address through billboards, direct mail, radio, magazine, TV and newspaper. I will also let people know where to find us so people can visit to the shop.. By providing contact details customers can buy the product easily. E.g. whether to buy online or in the shop. However the company has shops in many different cities but those who can’t visit to the shop, can go on the website and buy anything they like and can be delivered to your door. The website address is: http://www.pop-boutique.com/ Required Materials/Components What materials will you require to execute the campaign? (i.e. printed materials, email designs, copywriting or design work.) Required Materials Estimated Cost Broachers cost A4 sheet folded and printed as 4 A5 pages. 20,000 broachers will be printed. And will be given to retail shops. I will be doing 20,000 copies of a4 sheet folded and printed as 4 a5 pages. And design cost  £160. 5000 copies cost  £0.10 = 20,000 copies cost  £0.40 x 20,000 + £160 =  £8,160 In a guardian Newspaper Front page  ¼ page 22cm * 5 columns For one day is  £5,573 x 7 Days =  £39,011 Billboards advertising on near round about and traffic lights. A Standard Billboard is 10 feet by 20 feet and is known as a 48 sheet. This type of Billboard starts from around  £165 per week (Minimum 2 Week booking) http://www.paintedpostermedia.co.uk/site/ I want to use bill boards advertising for two weeks near round about and traffic lights. They have 4 different stores all around the UK. And in each area there will be bill boards. When bill boards cost  £165 for one week. I will be suing bill board for 2 weeks. So  £165 x 2 x100=  £33,000 Radio London airtime Business Special 6 x 30† Commercials Per Day 6 x 30† Commercials per Day  £499.00 x 18 Days=  £8,982 30 sec TV Advertisement on ITV during Soaps 19:30 (3) times a day for seven days.  £18274 x 3 =  £54822 for 7 days :  £383,754 Direct mail Once every week Costs 1p per mail x 200,000=  £2000 x 6=  £12,000 TOTAL COST:  £8,160+ £39,011+ £33,000+ £383,754+ £12,000=  £484,907 NOTE: The references and the research for the quotations are attached behind the assignment. Key Messaging What are the key points you want to communicate in this campaign? Pop Boutique is very exotic, funky and colourful company who design retro clothes. 2 The company uses recycle fabrics to make products. One of the most unique points is that company is trusted and liked by many celebrities. 4 Pop Boutique’s clothes are more fashioned, comfort and made by high quality fabrics. 5 Value for money. What is the desired buyer response? How do you want the buyer to feel when he/she sees this campaign? The purpose of this campaign is to attract customers, make buyers aware of the website and persuade them to visit the website and check some other products out. The company wants their customers to feel free and chose the product which they prefer from Pop Boutique online selection. So the purpose of the campaign bill boards, TV ads is to let people know what they are missing, the business also wants to open nationally to let people visit to stores near their home. By this campaign I want buyer to recommend to others about Pop Boutique and pass the message through other people so because of this business can get well known. One of the main desire respond I am looking forward from viewers to purchase products from Pop Boutique so the company could increase their sales, this can help them to gain more profit. If Pop Boutique increase the profit than this will help the company to open more stores in the UK. Offer/Call to Action What do you want the prospect to do after seeing your campaign? Want customers to visit the website regularly Raise awareness for the products. Want customers to let their family and friends knows about the experience they will have after visiting to website Follow us on twitter and Facebook I want the consumers to do repeat shopping from the stores and become regular consumers and I also want them to let other knows about the Pop boutique product. As well as stores I want consumers to keep shopping from the website. Timing What is the chronology and timing of the required action steps and dates for completion? Campaign Budget Look at costs for the determined tactics. Set your budget, and remember to calculate it to the appropriate percentage of your overall marketing budget. You’re Budget for this Campaign: Percentage of Overall Marketing Budget: % Justification of Selection Consider the tactics that you have chosen. For each, please consider the: 1. Selection of content: communication of promotional message, e.g. features, performance, benefits, quality, reliability 2. Developing a promotion plan: choosing promotion mix; timing; frequency; cost; using promotion plan; media mix; use of internet The Pop boutique is retail organisation and they are aiming to expand the business nationally therefore I have to set the image and contest of the campaign in the way that can help to pass the message to the audience through campaign. First of all the main objectives of the business and campaign is to tell consumers know that Pop Boutique is a unique company who produces vibrant, funky, colourful and retro products. The message we are going to pass on is that products are so comfort, recycle fabrics has been used. We want you to try our products because these are well designed and fashioned and are liked by many celebrities. We are targeting people the age from 16 to 40 years old, because mostly the funky and colourful clothes are used by teenagers and women’s. Our audiences are both male and female but mostly females because the company has wide range of selection available for women’s. To be able to persuade customers to buy our product I am using 6 different types of media for this campaign. This is to make awareness of the brand all around the UK. The main purpose of using different type of media is that people have different interests and I don’t think only one particular media would catch consumers attention and can help us to achieve the company’s aim. Therefore choosing a variety of media would reach to the specific audience where they want to increase the awareness. The main objective of campaign is to attract more customers. Therefore our message is going to be short and we will use graphics, pictures and some colour to make it look attractive and eye catching so because of this people feel interested while looking or watching the ads campaign. The message we are going to put cross is that Pop Boutique provides unique and funky products. Therefore we are also going to inform about the summer collection, some special offers and discount on some of the products. In the publish media e.g. newspaper, TV, direct mail etc. we will put some pictures of seasonal products and prices to show people how much is going to costs. On the billboard we will only be working on where and how to contact Pop Boutique. We are also going to provide our Web address on the publish media, such as on newspaper, magazine and billboards so because of this people can find us easily. The Guardian Newspaper is a national paper therefore I think it would be the best idea to promote the campaign there. The main purpose of choosing this particular newspaper is that it is expensive and only those people read it, which have enough income to spend on their essential expenditure. In my point of view the readers of this newspaper can afford Pop Boutique products and more likely to buy it. I decided to advertise once every week for 6 weeks. But in the last week I will be advertising twice in week. The campaign could run for the longer period. I think Sunday is the best day to advertise because the majority of people have a holiday and they sit at home and read the newspaper during their tea time or when they have breakfast. I believe this is a good ways of sending the message cross. However I am also considering to advertise in different days as well, for example for the following ad comes on Saturday paper, the week after will be on Thursday paper to make sure people gets our message that we are trying to send to people. We are going to attract customers’ attention by providing some special offers. For example if you spend  £50 gets 20% off on your next shopping. We will provide a promotional code on the newspaper for customers to get some discount for online shopping while entering the promotional code on the website. We are expecting 20000 items should be sold by the respond of newspaper ads and this will possibly make at least  £300,000 sales on this promotional method. I also have chosen Radio London advertising method to make awareness of the brand and company itself in order to get well known by the consumers. I think this was the best idea because London is a Capital and tourist attraction city and this is good method to inform people about Pop Boutique so they can shop from this organisation. The radio campaign will run for 3 weeks and six times a day in order to ensure that people listen to our message. The reason of choosing a radio ad to play for 30 seconds 6 times a day because people have a busy life and they would definitely come cross the advert once in these 6 times. The time I chose is 7 o’clock in the morning, 12:30pm, half 2pm, 5:30pm and 7:30 in the evening. I have chosen these times because the research says these are the times when most audience will likely listen to the radio. The message we will send through radio is; one of the best and recognisable business who produces funky, stylish and comfy dresses for celebrities e.g. models, and also for teenager and women who belongs from high class families. Pop boutique is providing the best deals on new vintage clothes, you can also visit the website to find out more information; www.popboutique.co.uk. This business is aiming to open more stores soon all around in the UK to make life easier for you to visit to the shop. The company is expecting at least 20000 customers to visit the website and buy things and make recommendations, so Pop Boutique become one of the best and well-known vintage cloths provider. When making a campaign and aiming to interact customers billboards are one of the best ideas to use, because billboard will be read by many people across the country. I have decided to advertise on the billboard for the full 2 weeks in all of 4 cities of the UK where Pop boutique have stores in order to attain people’s attention. Billboards will have some graphics, pictures, company’ logo and web address to explain what is company targeting for, and where can you find the stores and contact detail etc. All together 100 billboards going to be used in the UK, mostly are going to be on the roads on traffic lights and motorways near the roundabouts. I also believe that direct mail and brooches is another good way to promote the business and increase customers as well as. The direct mail will be send to many of our existing customers to inform them about the new and latest product. Therefore we are also looking to promote products in a new market. We are going to send email to families to inform that we have some special offers on vintage clothes. The direct mail would be sent out once every week, giving the message of new summer collecti on and providing direct web address to visit to the website. There would be a promotional code to get some 5% discount on when they spend over  £50. I also believe that direct mail is very less read by the people but our main subject is going to be 20% off on most of the products and get 5% discount on top of it, to make people to read the direct mail. And broachers will be given to the retails hops so when people come to buy the clothes they can take the broachers and visit the stores and buy the clothes. It is A4 with 5 sided, with some graphics and other images on it. I have also decided to do an ad campaign on ITV. This is going to be a very expensive method of advertising but the company has to take this risk in order to be well-known in the UK, so they could expand the business nationally. I have chosen ITV channel because I believe more people watch soaps on ITV. So because of the TV ad we are going to inform about the special offers, new collection, and inform them about the promotional code to visit online to get some discount on ou r most of products. Our main objective is to make customers to visit the store or the website and buy Pop Boutique’s products, so company could make some profit, which would be helpful in future when opening more stores in the UK. The reason of selecting this method is to achieve the objective, by informing about the new and summer collection, different offers and making awareness of the business as well as brand in the UK, also increasing customers and market shares. If the company achieve these objectives then it would be really essential because they will be able to expand the business nationally. Furthermore the scheme of promotional code will help the company to find out which sorts of advertising method customers used in order to visit the website. When consumers place orders through website they will ask to fill some detail.Customers have to tell us how have they been recommended to visit our website and the promotional code will be collected automatically by the data base, to see which method of advertising has been used more by customers, and which method of advertising as helped more in order to achieve the aim of the Pop boutique business. This is extremely beneficial for the company as this can help the company to select the best type of media for advertising in the future.

J. D. Salinger Essay - 2481 Words

J. D. Salinger J. D. Salinger The worth of a book is to be measured by what you can carry away from it. -James Bryce* In 1945, a novel was published that would forever change the way society views itself. The book, entitled The Catcher in the Rye, would propel a man named Jerome David Salinger to fame as one of the most famous authors of the twentieth century. This same man, not ten years after the publication and while still in the peak of his career, would depart from this society- the one that he so greatly changed leaving nothing but his literature to be his lasting voice. However one may view this mysterious life of J. D. Salinger, there is but one thing for certain: J. D. Salinger has provided the reader with a†¦show more content†¦After receiving an English degree at Columbia, Salinger worked briefly as an entertainer on the Swedish Liner MS Kungsholm in the Caribbean in 1941. In 1942 Salinger enlisted in the United States Army and fought in World War II, where he eventually be came a staff sergeant earning five battle stars. The time spent overseas played a major role in what would ultimately be the basis of most of Salingers short stories. World War II is also where Salinger met one of his major literary influences, Ernest Hemingway. Although Salingers style stems from Hemingway, their first encounter was not one that sat well on Salingerss mind. The story goes that while Hemingway was serving as an author-correspondent, he visited Salingers regiment and that Salinger became disgusted when Hemingway shot the head off a chicken to demonstrate the merits of a German Lager (French 25). The incident so affected Salinger that he incorporates it into his short story, For Esme: with Love and Squalor, with a corporal named Clay shooting the head off a cat and constantly dwelling upon the senseless act. The relationship between Hemingway and Salinger would last until Hemingways death in 1961. Despite having a personal relationship with Hemingway, according to Har old Bloom, †¦[Salingers work actually] derives from F. Scott Fitzgerald (qtd. in Salinger SSC 2: 318). Such a conclusion can be drawn for a number of reasons. First, Salingers narrativeShow MoreRelatedCatcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger1159 Words   |  5 Pages Catcher in the Rye is one of the most famous books in American literature. Written by J. D. Salinger, it captures the epitome of adolescence through Salinger’s infamous anti-hero, Holden Caulfield. Holden Caulfield learns about himself and his negative tendencies, and realizes that if he does not do something to change his perspective, he may end up like his acquaintance James Castle whom he met at Elkton Hills. Holden tries to find help to mend his outlook on life through Mr. Antolini so he doesRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D. 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